Manufacturing Tolerances
Once a satisfactory design has been achieved, the optical element must be fabricated. The fabrication process determines the final shape and cosmetics of the surfaces. Surface figure specifications of an…read more
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MTF Evaluation
Up to this point, this discussion has considered the performance of the optical system only in terms of image location. Another factor is the resolution of a system, normally specified…read more
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Third-Order Seidel Aberrations
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Theories & Formulas
Sign Conventions Before proceeding with the methods of analysis for an imaging system, a few sign conventions must be established. The first is that light travels from left to right….read more
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Glossary of Terms
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Index of Refraction
In a vacuum, light travels at a velocity of c = 2.998 × 108m/sec; in more dense media, the velocity of light is lower. The index of refraction of a…read more
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Common Symbols & Abbreviations
A Distance from front edge of lens to front focal point BF Back focal length C.A. Clear aperture CT Center…
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